If you’re required to pay taxes in the U.S., you’ll need a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN). But what exactly is a TIN, and how do you get one?
In this guide, we’ll explain what a TIN is, the different types, and exactly how to get a TIN based on your situation.
What Is a TIN?
A Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) is a unique number used by the IRS to track tax obligations. It is required for filing tax returns, opening bank accounts, and more.
Common types of TINs include:
- Social Security Number (SSN) – for U.S. citizens and residents
- Employer Identification Number (EIN) – for businesses
- Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) – for individuals who aren’t eligible for an SSN
How Do I Get a TIN?
The process depends on the type of TIN you need:
1. SSN (Social Security Number)
If you’re a U.S. citizen or a lawful resident:
- Apply through the Social Security Administration (SSA)
- Complete Form SS-5
- Submit identification (e.g., birth certificate, passport)
Processing Time: Typically 1–2 weeks
2. ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number)
If you’re a non-resident or foreign national:
- Fill out Form W-7
- Provide supporting documents (e.g., passport, visa)
- Submit by mail, through an IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center, or via a Certified Acceptance Agent (CAA)
Processing Time: 7–11 weeks
3. EIN (Employer Identification Number)
If you’re starting a business or need a business tax ID:
- Apply online via the IRS EIN Assistant
- Or submit Form SS-4 by mail or fax
Processing Time: Instant online; 4–6 weeks by mail/fax
What If I Don’t Know Which TIN I Need?
- Individual taxpayer? SSN or ITIN
- Business owner? EIN
- Not eligible for SSN? ITIN
Still unsure? Consult a tax professional to determine the right TIN for your needs.
Final Thoughts
So, how do I get a TIN? It depends on your status and purpose. Whether it’s an SSN, ITIN, or EIN, applying is straightforward with the right forms and documents.
