Introduction
If you’re running a Limited Liability Company (LLC), one common question is: What tax form does an LLC file? The answer depends on how your LLC is structured and taxed by the IRS. Unlike corporations, LLCs have flexible tax options, which influence the type of IRS form you must submit.
What Tax Form Does a Single-Member LLC File?
A single-member LLC is treated as a disregarded entity for federal tax purposes. This means the IRS doesn’t consider it separate from its owner.
- Tax Form: Schedule C (Form 1040) – Profit or Loss from Business
- Other possible forms: Schedule E (for rental income) or Schedule F (for farming)
You report your LLC’s income and expenses directly on your personal tax return.
What Tax Form Does a Multi-Member LLC File?
A multi-member LLC is taxed by default as a partnership.
- Tax Form: Form 1065 – U.S. Return of Partnership Income
- Plus: Schedule K-1 for each member (shows individual share of profit/loss)
Each partner includes the K-1 info on their personal tax return.
What If an LLC Elects S Corp or C Corp Status?
An LLC can elect to be taxed as a C Corporation or S Corporation by filing specific IRS forms.
If taxed as a C Corporation:
- Tax Form: Form 1120 – U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return
If taxed as an S Corporation:
- Tax Form: Form 1120-S – U.S. Income Tax Return for an S Corporation
- Plus: Schedule K-1 for each member
Summary: LLC Tax Forms at a Glance
| LLC Type | Tax Form Filed |
|---|---|
| Single-Member LLC | Schedule C (Form 1040) |
| Multi-Member LLC | Form 1065 + Schedule K-1 |
| LLC taxed as S Corp | Form 1120-S + K-1 |
| LLC taxed as C Corp | Form 1120 |
State-Level Tax Filing for LLCs
Besides federal taxes, many states (including California, New York, and Texas) require:
- Annual franchise tax reports
- State income tax returns
- Sales tax filings (if applicable)
Be sure to check with your state tax agency for compliance.
Conclusion
Understanding what tax form an LLC files is essential for staying compliant and avoiding penalties. Whether you’re a solo entrepreneur or have multiple members, the IRS lets you choose the best tax structure for your needs.
